资本禀赋、技术认知与农户耕地低碳利用意愿

耕地低碳利用对于减少农业温室气体排放,促进农业持续健康发展具有积极意义。建立资本禀赋、技术认知的理论分析模型和研究假说,利用湖北省347户农户的调研数据,在测度农户资本禀赋、耕地低碳利用技术认知的基础上,采用Logit模型、中介效应模型、调节效应检验方法,就资本禀赋、技术认知与农户耕地低碳利用意愿的关系进行实证研究。结果发现,资本禀赋不仅对农户耕地低碳利用意愿在1%水平上有显著的直接正向影响,还会通过技术认知这一中介变量在1%水平上产生显著的间接正向影响,环境素养在农户自我效能认知和耕地低碳利用意愿间发挥正向调节作用。据此,建议从经济资本、社会资本、文化资本3个角度提升农户的资本禀赋,通过多种渠道提升农户对耕地低碳利用的认知水平,提高农户环境素养。     

2020年我国水稻产业形势分析及2021年展望

在国家政策支持下,2020年我国水稻面积恢复增长至3 007.6万hm²,比2019年增加38.2万 hm²;受灾害偏重发生影响,水稻平均单产7 044.0 kg/hm²,降低15.0 kg/hm²,但仍为历史第2高;水稻总产2.1186亿t,增加225.0万t,连续10年稳定在2亿t以上。国内稻米市场价格持续上涨,特别是晚籼稻市场走势明显强于2019年,2020年12月稻谷收购价格2 740.3元/t,同比上涨9.0%;优质稻和普通稻价格分化明显,黄华占、丰两优等优质稻价格比普通品种每kg高0.2元以上。大米进口量恢复增长,2020年我国进口大米294.3万t,同比增长15.6%;出口大米230.5万t,减少16.1%。2020年品种审定数量继续大幅增加,市场结构持续优化,国审品种的总体优质化率超过50%。绿色发展稳步推进,绿色生产技术继续保持较快发展势头。分析了我国水稻生产存在的问题,展望了2021年水稻产业发展趋势：预计水稻面积小幅增加,单产稳定在7 050.0 kg/hm²,品种结构继续优化,大米市场平稳运行,绿色品种和技术推广应用加快。     

Characterization of the trade in manta and devil ray gill plates in China and South‐east Asia through trader surveys

1. Dried gill plates from manta and devil rays, some of the world's most biologically vulnerable fishes, have become a valued commodity in Asian dried‐seafood and traditional Chinese medicine markets. This trade is a primary driver of fisheries, which have led to declines in many mobulid populations.
2. With no reliable trade statistics and scarce data on mobulid fisheries, this study estimates the number and species of mobulids required to supply this trade, and investigates the consumers and suppliers involved and drivers of demand. Following preliminary market research, 525 trader surveys were conducted in Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau, Taiwan, and southern China.
3. Guangzhou, China was identified as the centre of the trade accounting for 99% of total estimated market volume of 60.5 tons of dried gill plates in 2011, increasing to 120.5 tons by 2013. The estimated number of mobulids converted from tons of gill plates more than doubled over the period to 130 000, comprising 96% devil rays, Mobula japanica, Mobula thurstoni, and Mobula tarapacana, and 4% Manta spp. By 2015 the Guangzhou market had declined sharply, reportedly due to conservation campaigns and government policies. However Hong Kong's gill plate sales increased dramatically between 2011 and 2015.
4. China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and India were reported most frequently as gill plate sources.
5. Vendors recommend gill plates (trade name pengyusai) for ailments ranging from acne to cancer and as a general health tonic. While pengyusai is a new addition to traditional Chinese medicine literature and is rarely prescribed by traditional medicine practitioners, it is readily available over the counter and aggressively marketed by vendors.
6. Working in concert with consumer demand reduction efforts, increased measures to restrict mobulid fisheries and trade are recommended to prevent further population declines of these highly vulnerable species.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantifying subjective human dimensions of recreational fishing: does good health come to those who bait?

Recreational fishing is a popular sport and leisure activity in many countries worldwide. There has been growing interest by recreational fishing groups and researchers in the perceived physical and psychological health and social (or ‘biopsychosocial’) benefits of recreational fishing. However, quantifying the key subjective ‘human dimensions’ of fishing that satisfy both the needs of recreational fishing groups and fishery managers is a major obstacle. We propose the use of psychometrically valid health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measures widely used in the medical and health sciences – namely the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) – as rapid, reliable and cost‐effective instruments for quantifying HRQOL of recreational fishers. The widespread use of SF‐36 and availability of population normative data allows comparisons of the HRQOL of recreational fishers across multiple temporal and spatial scales, with participants of other activities, and the general population. The use of such measures in periodic surveys allows the biopsychosocial status of a recreational fishery's participants to be assessed using a modified Kobe plot, a graphical format that is easily interpretable and consistent with existing reporting formats used in fisheries stock assessment. Future biopsychosocial research in recreational fisheries can further benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration to develop a suite of standardized psychometrically valid and reliable instruments for assessing specific issues that commonly affect recreational fisheries from regional to international scales, such as drivers of fisher motivation, behaviour and satisfaction.     

浅谈如何做好档案管理工作

作者依据从事档案工作的实践,论述了做好档案管理工作的重要意义,并着重从相关部门领导应高度重视、档案管理部门应按规范严格执行档案管理工作流程和必须提高管理人员综合素质等方面进行阐述。可供从事档案管理工作者借鉴。     

沙棘属植物资源概况及其培育技术研究进展

沙棘属植物具有很强的抗逆性和生态适应性,被广泛地应用到水土保持和生态建设事业中。在此分析了沙棘属植物资源现状,总结了我国近年来沙棘属植物的良种引进、繁殖和栽培技术等方面的研究进展,指出了沙棘属植物资源调查和培育实践中需要重点解决的问题,为今后我国沙棘属植物研究提供方向。     

生物质燃油燃烧器的研究与设计

随着生物质热裂解制油技术的发展,为适应其工业化大规模生产,需要一款可以提供稳定的且高效率的生物燃油燃烧器,而传统的燃烧器很难将生物燃油充分燃烧,因此笔者设计一种生物燃油燃烧器,通过对燃烧器的工作原理和主要技术参数研究与确定,对燃烧机的结构进行了重新设计.该燃烧器结构简单,装配方便,可以将生物燃油进行三级雾化,燃烧效率高.     

基于风险与效益模型的政府农业科技投入范围界定

在分析农业科技研发层次与演化流程的基础上,提出了不同研究阶段的农业技术类型和特征,构建了农业科技研发投入风险与效益模型,揭示了政府农业科技投入领域的选择行为,并以此界定了农业科技投入的合理范围。     

中稻-秋马铃薯模式效益与关键技术

中稻收获后有一段时间适宜的温光资源.如何利用这段有利的温光条件进行农业生产技术或模式创新是值得挖掘和探讨的课题.每年9～11月,中稻收获后,当阳市温度由高至低变化.根据秋马铃薯生长发育特点,该时期气候、温度、土壤等各方面条件非常适宜马铃薯的生长和种植.在种植结构调整中,开展秋马铃薯和中稻配茬种植模式,既能充分利用中稻收获后一段时期的温光资源,又能充分发挥马铃薯的生产和市场优势,获得较高的效益.     

Research and Design of Simulative System of Elevators Based on Java

设计了控制电梯运行的调度算法；其次，采用面向对象语言编写程序模拟电梯运行，其中使用双缓冲技术来解决电梯图片在刷新过程中出现的闪烁现象；最后，测试该系统的正确性和合理性。